Thymosin Alpha 1 in the Prevention of Pancreatic Infection Following Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Inclusion criteria 1. Symptoms and signs of acute pancreatitis based on abdominal pain suggestive of AP, serum amylase at least three times the upper limit of normal, and/or characteristic findings of AP on computed tomography or less commonly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transabdominal ultrasonography according to the Revised Atlanta Criteria\[15\]; 2. Less than one week from the onset of abdominal pain; 3. Age between 18 to 70 years old; 4. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE II) score ≥8 during the last 24 hours before enrollment 5. Balthazar CT score ≥5 (presence of pancreatic necrosis)\[16\]. 6. Written informed consent obtained Exclusion criteria 1. Pregnant pancreatitis; 2. History of chronic pancreatitis； 3. Malignancy related acute pancreatitis 4. Receiving early intervention or surgery due to abdominal compartment syndrome or other reasons before admission； 5. Patients with a known history of severe cardiovascular, respiratory, renal or hepatic diseases defined as (1) greater than New York Heart Association Class II heart failure(Class II not included), (2) active myocardial ischemia or (3) cardiovascular intervention within previous 60 days, (4) history of cirrhosis or (5) chronic kidney disease with creatinine clearance\< 40 mL/min, or (6) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with requirement for home oxygen; 6. Patients with preexisting immune disorders such as AIDS.