Effects of Liraglutide on Body Surface Gastric Mapping

Globally, more than 40% of persons have a functional gastrointestinal(GI) disorder based on the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire. These disorders encompass gastroparesis and chronic nausea and vomiting syndromes (CNVS; including chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting(CNV) and cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)), functional dyspepsia (FD; chronic indigestion), and post-operative gastric dysfunction. The disorders are linked by the fact that no obvious structural cause for their symptoms can be identified, based on investigations such as endoscopy or imaging. However, there is still a lack of diagnostic biomarkers for these functional disorders. Measuring gastric emptying rate with either scintigraphy or a breath test is the only clinically used test of gastric function; if abnormal the patient is listed as having gastroparesis. However, this test fails to clearly explain the symptom pattern and severity, does not predict response to therapy and changes in the test result do not correlate with evolution of clinical symptoms. There is also substantial crossover in symptoms between functional dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and differentiating these condition scan be challenging. GLP-1 analogues cause GI distress and weight loss due to their effect on slowing gastric emptying, inducing satiety or loss of appetite, and thus reducing oral intake. GI symptoms such as nausea, similar to symptoms of gastroparesis, are the most common reason for discontinuation of these drugs. Gastric Alimetry (GA) is a new device which measures gastric electrophysiology. We postulate that GA will show changes in gastric spectral analysis as well as symptoms in healthy volunteers on a once daily injectable GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide. References: Sperber AD, Bangdiwala SI, Drossman DA, Ghoshal UC, Simren M, TackJ, Whitehead WE, Dumitrascu DL, Fang X, Fukudo S, Kellow J.Worldwide prevalence and burden of functional gastrointestinaldisorders, results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):99-114 Pasricha PJ, Grover M, Yates KP,Abell TL, Bernard CE, Koch KL, McCallum RW, Sarosiek I, Kuo B, BulatR, Chen J. Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis in tertiary care areinterchangeable syndromes with common clinical and pathologicfeatures. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(6):2006-17 Parkman, Henry P.,Daniel S. Rim, Jonathan R. Anolik, Simin Dadparvar, and Alan H. Maurer.2024. \"Glucagonlike Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: The Good, the Bad,and the Ugly-Benefits for Glucose Control and Weight Loss with SideEffects of Delaying Gastric Emptying.\" Journal of Nuclear MedicineTechnology, January. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.123.266800.