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Pinealon

Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide

Pinealon is proposed to penetrate cells and the blood-brain barrier and bind directly to DNA promoter regions and histone proteins, shifting expression of antioxidant and neuroprotective genes rather than acting through a classical membrane receptor.

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Pinealon
Drug class
Synthetic short-peptide bioregulator (tripeptide)
Primary targets
DNA promoter regions / chromatin, Histone proteins, SOD2 (antioxidant gene), GPX1 (antioxidant gene), Neuronal apoptosis (caspase-3) pathways
Dose reference
No FDA-approved or validated human dose; research-only. Russian oral cytogen capsules and published study protocols describe past use, not dosing recommendations.
Half-life
Not formally characterized in humans; as an ultrashort peptide it is expected to clear from plasma rapidly (minutes).
Developer / origin
Khavinson group, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Reference year
2011
Evidence score
2/5 - Preliminary / Limited
Evidence 2/5

Preliminary / Limited

Pinealon (EDR) has credible peer-reviewed in vitro and rodent neuroprotection and antioxidant signals, but human evidence is limited to small uncontrolled reports from a single research lineage, and there are no large randomized controlled trials or regulatory approval.

Mostly animal, ex vivo, cell, or indirect evidence.

Evidence basis

  • In vitro studies showing dose-dependent ROS suppression and reduced cell death in neuronal and other cell models (Khavinson 2011)
  • Rodent models: protection of offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (2012) and prevention of dendritic spine loss in 5xFAD Alzheimer's mice (2021)
  • Proposed gene-regulation mechanism supported by a systematic review of short-peptide DNA/chromatin interactions
  • Human evidence limited to a small uncontrolled clinical report (72 TBI/cerebrasthenia patients); no large RCTs and no FDA approval

How to read this entry

Dose references and half-life values are pulled from trial protocols, labels, reviews, or published summaries where available. They are context for research and comparison, not a personal dosing recommendation.

Status matters: approved drugs have regulated indications; investigational compounds are still being studied; research-only peptides do not have established human dosing, safety, or efficacy for consumer use.

Pinealon guides

Read the matching guide or adjacent research pages for more context.

Pinealon Peptide: Khavinson EDR Tripeptide, Evidence and LimitsPinealon is a research-only Khavinson tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) with intriguing neuroprotection lab data but limited, low-quality human evidence.Best Peptides for Hair Growth: Evidence, Protocols, and LimitsA practical hair-growth hub: which peptide and peptide-adjacent ingredients have real rationale, what is only cosmetic, and what still beats them for evidence.Bryan Johnson Hair Protocol: Peptide Shampoo, Serum, Laser Cap & MinoxidilThe Bryan Johnson hair protocol: Blueprint peptide shampoo, peptide serum, laser cap, minoxidil, ingredient roles, and supporting research.Argireline Peptide: Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 and the SNARE Wrinkle ClaimArgireline is a topical cosmetic hexapeptide marketed as topical Botox, with modest, mostly industry-funded wrinkle evidence and a major skin-permeation limitation.

Peptide calculators

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Peptide reconstitution calculatorCalculate concentration, draw volume and syringe units from vial strength and BAC water.Open toolPeptide accumulation calculatorModel repeated dosing schedules with half-life, interval, peak and trough estimates.Open toolPeptide unit converterConvert mg, mcg, optional IU and syringe units from one reconstituted vial setup.Open toolPeptide chemistry calculatorAnalyze sequence length, molecular weight, composition, charge, hydropathy and notation.Open tool

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Research & educational purposes only

The information on PeptideStat is for educational and research purposes only and is not medical advice. Many peptides discussed are research compounds not approved for human use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any health decisions. Articles may contain affiliate links — we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you.